Media Violence And Its Effects On The Readers - 2212 Words

Violence is considered very prevalent amongst kids and young teens, due to what they see in media. Whether it is through television, radio, internet, movies, books, video games or newspapers, children get exposed to unfiltered violence beginning from a very young age. Many debate whether or not violence shown in media causes violence in kids, but there are two perceptions to this. Either, kids will reproduce the things they see in media, or it will help kids prepare for violence and actually learn how to react if ever faced in such situation. Although many people believe media inflicts violence, that is not usually the case. Violence has been around for many years before media was even invented. Before the television, internet, and radios were even developed, horrible acts of violence would still occur without medias influence. It is difficult to understand how the two comics, Buster Brown and Superman Chronicles have a negative impact on the readers. While both comics present violen ce in their own way, they portray them uncommonly. Buster brown is the epitome of violence, causing social chaos and wreaking havoc amongst neighborhoods without consent for human life. He represents the true darkness of violence. Superman on the other hand uses his means to stop people from creating social chaos and hurting others, and does this without killing a single soul despite how wretched it may be. Superman would be the light of violence. While both use violence, the consequences ofShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Several Articles on Adolescents, Media and Violence 1005 Words   |  5 Pagesabout the effects of media exposure on adolescents and the violence that is can bring. Using the social conflict theory it portrays the media as having a harmful impression on today’s children. The article shows how crime statistics have decreased the arrests for violent crimes committed by youth offenders has not (Fowler, 2002). The article also shows how the APA is teaming up with f ederal programs to help resolve these harmful effects that the media is portraying. The article shows that media is responsibleRead More Media Violence Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesMedia Violence Violence is used in many ways in promos as a hook to draw viewers into the program. That is because violence is an effective promotional device. But severe permanent damage could be done to the children’s minds by such pornographic and sadistic material, in which detail is powerfully realistic. The increasing demand of comics, the wide use of the Internet, and viewing television are the main forms of media, which have caused people’s minds to perform violence. First of allRead MoreEssay on Violent Media...Good for Kids? 970 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† Gerard Jones introduces us to his fearful and lonesome childhood. He lived in a world where he was taught to be the violence fearing, and passive boy his parents wanted him to be. But, when one of his mother’s students gave him a Marvel comic book, his fearfulness was transformed into inspiration. He found a way to escape these discouraging feelings through the â€Å" stifled rage and desire for power† (Jones 285) that he had newly found. The popular comic book heroRead MoreViolent Media Is Good For Kids Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesViolent Comics Are the New Superheroes In the writing of Gerard Jones â€Å"Violent Media is Good for Kids† is very interesting essay in which he describes how violent media can help kids to overcome obstacles, but whether it is convincing or not, I am not truly sure because the way the essay is written is biased. Jones as writer is making this controversial topic to gain more audience to read his writings, in addition, this essay fails in detail, it needs more statistics to support the examples thatRead MoreThe Debate Over Gun Laws1672 Words   |  7 Pagesview because he occasionally combines the argument for gun control with the argument for banning guns rather than solely sticking to one argument. Bovy jumping around through his arguments gives him a more passionate yet disordered tone. It makes the reader know that Bovy cares deeply about the subject in that he would want guns to be banned completely, but it makes the article so chaotic so that it makes the article lose credibility. Conversely, Wilson focuse s solely on the topic of gun control. WilsonRead MoreRhetorical and Fallacies in the Article â€Å"The Media Violence Myth† by Richard Rhodes1494 Words   |  6 Pagestitled â€Å"The Media Violence Myth,† through the â€Å"American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression,† a liberal establishment dedicated to the protection of the First Amendment right to free speech. Despite coming from a background plagued with violence and abuse, Rhodes has studied nuclear history and weapons use for over 20 years and has developed a unique opinion about the media’s effect on public violence. In â€Å"The Media Violence Myth,† Rhodes aims to convince his readers that the media does not contributeRead MoreEvaluation Of Honey, I Warped The Kids 975 Words   |  4 PagesUtne Reader that violence on television must be suppressed due to its effects on human behavior. This evaluation will show that though the author makes some good use of statistical findings, he leaves many holes in his argument by not thoroughly discussing opposing opinions. Cannon systematically lists the studies and opinions of others who agree with him and does not discuss opposing positions. In content, first Cannon discusses the sociological interest in the subject of television violence andRead MoreArgument Against Limiting Screen Time For Younger Children1428 Words   |  6 Pageseople would argue against limiting screen time for younger children. However some arguments can be made for letting children watch television when they are very young. A poor mouse lost its youth for the effects of overstimulation to be proven, and such a valiant sacrifice should not go in vain. Along with the sacrifice of the mice that served under Dr. Christakis, our future citizens are having their perceptions of reality augmented even before they go to preschool or kindergarten. Combined withRead MoreMedia Effects On The Media Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesby the media whether we think we are or not. Theorists believe that too much media exposure can lead to knowledge, attitudes or behavioural changes within a society, this is called ‘media effects’ (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). These media effects consists of several Paradigms, a Paradigm is described as â€Å"a typical pattern or model† (Kuehn, â€Å"Media Effects†). The Paradigms this essay will consist of are called the ‘New Effects Paradigm’ and the ‘Powerful Effects Paradigm’. The New Effects ParadigmRead MoreExploring Whether or not Profanity in Music is Corrupting our Youth1376 Words   |  6 Pagesmusic, however the question remains should music be censored. In Robert T. M. Phillips’ address to congress he insists that we must act now to protect our society from the damaging effects of explicit music. Becky L. Tatum argues in her article â€Å"The Link Between Rap Music and Youth Crime and Violence† that the effects o f rap music are basically unknown and extensive research must be conducted before causal assumptions are made. Martha Bayles suggest in her article â€Å"The Perverse in the Popular, that

Virtualization Project Report - 1624 Words

Virtualization Security in Data Centers and Clouds Minjie Zheng, mzheng@go.wustl.edu (A project report written under the guidance of Prof. Raj Jain) DownloadPDF Abstract In the past decade, with the unprecedented growth in tech companies and advances in cloud computing, it has become increasingly common for companies to incorporate virtualization in their data centers to fully utilize their hardware resources. As a result, virtualization and virtualization security have gone through major transforms in the recent years. Virtualization and its unique architecture have many characteristics and advantages over traditional non-virtualized machines. However, these new characteristics create new vulnerabilities and possible attacks on a†¦show more content†¦According to a research done by Nemertes Research, nearly 93% of the organizations it surveyed in 2009 have deployed virtualization in their servers [Ritter09]. However, with the vast benefits that come with adoption of virtualization, new challenges and vulnerabilities also arise at the same time. This survey paper first provides an overview on the current state of virtualization. Although many forms of virtualization exist, this paper will primarily focus on virtualization techniques that are used in modern data centers and clouds. In addition, this paper will discuss the security vulnerabilities brought about by different virtualization techniques. Specifically, the paper will address the forms of possible attacks on a virtualized machine, the advantages of using virtualization, and some current challenges. Lastly, the paper will present plausible solutions to the security vulnerabilities of virtualization. The solutions will incorporate theoretical defense mechanisms on the architecture and infrastructure, and examples of current virtualization security products developed by security firms. 2. Virtualization Overview Virtualization is the abstraction of a hardware or software system that lets applications run on top of the virtualized environment without the need of knowing the underlying resources available. The virtualized environment is otherwise known as the virtual machineShow MoreRelatedExpanding The Network Of The Recent Merger Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesThis scope of this project will consist of expanding the network because of the recent merger. We will expand the present network of 25 users to 65 users, in addition to incorporating the latest technology. The project will be completed in sixty calendar days or by 31 December 2015. For this project we have a budget of $100,000 so controlling the scope of the project is important. Control scope is there to ensure that it is only the work identified as being ‘in scope’ that is delivered, and inRead MoreHuman Face Expression Capture And Virtualization On Iphone762 Words   |  4 Pages Human Face Expression Capture and Virtualization on iPhone Jixian Ma Abstract—This paper purposes to implement iOS class CIImage into a face detection and human face expression capture and virtualization. With the front camera on iPhone, we are able take photos and record real-time videos. We use the front camera on iPhone to capture human face and build a virtualized face on screen to mimic the real-time expression of the human face in front of the screen. We create an interesting virtualizedRead MoreThe Next Generation Of Virtualization And Software Defined Networking ( SDN?842 Words   |  4 PagesThe Next Generation of Virtualization and Software Defined Networking (SDN) The network infrastructure industry is evolving and following a path of first generation server hardware to application-specific servers to virtual machines. The second generation is migrating from function-specific network hardware to software-based virtual functions. Now, software defined networking (SDN) offers nearly infinite economies of scale by replacing expensive networking hardware with software. SDN moves networkRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Cloud Administrations1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdisappointments in which all the cloud innovation organizations are kept on developing, despite everything they endure a similar kind of issues in-house infrastructures. Distributed computing has turned into a greatest market in the present innovation. In a report of 2016, experts at Gartner anticipated that exchanging to cloud will influence $1 Trillion in Information innovation in the following five years. Cloud administrations showcase has developed to a degree level that it was not a s triking level of aggregateRead MoreSample Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness analysis experience in client facing environments †¢ Recommended consultant backed by a good academic record †¢ Significant experience in collaborating with Business stakeholders, project teams, digital and support teams across geographies and companies †¢ Hands-on experience in IT and business transformation projects with responsibility in software solution delivery †¢ Strong client behaviour understanding, ability to integrate quickly and ability to sell innovative solutions †¢ Significant contributionRead MoreQuestions On Distributed Computing Administrations1464 Words   |  6 Pagesdisappointments in which all the cloud innovation organizations are kept on developing, despite everything they endure a similar kind of issues in-house infrastructures. Distributed computing has turned into a greatest market in the present innovation. In a report of 2016, investigators at Gartner anticipated that exchanging to cloud will influence $1 Trillion in Information innovation in the following five years. Cloud administrations showcase has developed to a degree level that it was not a striking levelRead MoreScr Tims1051 Words   |  5 Pagesmembers were really keen on. Upon visiting the Forms Library it revealed a list of forms such as Request for Information Services, Preliminary Investigation Report, System Requirements Document, System Design Specification, System Requirements Change Request, and many more forms as part of the tools available to assist in completing projects for the course. The Resources Library has many categories to choose from including CASE (computer-aided systems engineering) tools, Communications Tools, EncyclopediaRead MoreUft 14. 02 Case Study1230 Words   |  5 Pagesdetails, see ALM integration. Back to top View test data details from your HTML reports Now you can view additional test data from your HTML run reports. In your report, click: †¢ Show more to view test run details †¢ Test data to download an excel version of your tests runtime datatable For example: For more details, see Use run results. Back to top View UFT test statistics in NV reports Network Virtualization users can now get statistics on UFT tests being run from their NV servers. To enableRead MoreCloud Computing, Virtualization And Virtual Machine2024 Words   |  9 Pagescourse report on â€Å"Cloud computing, virtualization and virtual machine†. The report will intend to provide readers the basic knowledge of how the cloud service work, what virtualization is and how various institution is using the technology. I have done the basic research for the topic and have come to the conclusion that I will be able to write an acceptable report on the topic. My experience at work has also provided me with practical experience related to the topic. Cloud and Virtualization CloudRead MoreRecommendations on Implementing Cloud Computing Essay560 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first place. 2. Mention security measures in the contract: Take the time to investigate thoroughly how the cloud provider secures its systems. This means getting assurances from the cloud provider written into the contract. Independent audit report and/or certification verification would be beneficial. 3. Monitoring data: Know the details of who will have access to data, and why and when they are accessing it. 4. Access controls being used by the cloud provider: Just as you would implement

Why Torture Is a Good Thing Free Essays

Why Torture is a Good Thing. Recently the Speaker of the House of Representatives, Nancy Pelosi has come under fire for comments she made about torture, once again bringing the topic of torture back into the national spotlight. There are so many different sides to the debate on whether our government should or should not allow torture in the integration of suspected Al Qaeda members currently locked up in the United States military prison located in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Torture Is a Good Thing or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are those people who say that nothing good ever comes out of integration that uses anything that could be torture, but the truth is that is some of where our best intelligence in the War on Terror has come from the use of harsh integrating techniques. There are many different forms of intergation method that are uses by our government that have been called torture by those wishing to prevent them from happening. Our government loosly defines torture as any method of intergation that does not leave any physical damage to the person that it is being used upon, there is nothing there about harsh intergation technique. There are many different forms of intergation tactects that are uses that have been called torture, but these methods do not physical harm nor to they leave any long term physical injures. The United States government does not use many of the traditional torture techniques that many foreign governments and Al Qaeda use; such as beatings, electric shock, and starvation. Waterboarding is one of the biggest intergation that has come under attack. Water boarding is preformed by tieing a person down with his feet raised above his head, then covering his mouth and nose.Finaly water is poured over there persons face, all this causes the mind to believe that the person is drowning. Even though no physical harm comes to the person; this technique is one of the most criticized forms of harsh integration techniques used. Water boarding is preformed on our own solders to prepare them for what they might have to live through if they are captured on the battle fields. Another form of integration techniques that is currently used is sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is not allowing the body to sleep enough, through the use of loud music or forcing the victim to stand.By not allowing the body to sleep it allows the mind to become weak and less defensive when being questioned, leaving the prisoners less likely to lie when questioned. Another technique that is used is the use of stress positions, which is placing a person in a position that becomes uncomfortable after a long period of time, such as standing, or kneeling for periods of up to four hours, no long term effects are caused by this. The pain that is felt is very real and at times very intense but it is gone as soon as they are allowed out of the stress positions. No long term damage has ever been cause by the use of stress positions.The critics of these harsh integration techniques call it torture, but they say nothing about what our men and women have been put through by foreign governm ents and foreign fighters through our history, and it still happening today. Many foreign countries use physical beatings to gather information, they have gone as far as breaking bones, and many times have beaten the victim to death. Al Qaeda and the Taliban have used these tactics along with beheadings of prisoners to try to scare our fighters, as well innocent civilians that Al Qaeda has kidnapped, since the beginning of the War on Terror. Where is the out cry from the world over that?All we are doing is trying to prevent another attack on our country. Some of the best intelligence we have gotten since the start of the War on Terror has come from the use of harsh integration techniques. The American government has stopped several terrorism attacks since the attack on September eleventh. 2001. Some of these would have been worse than that tragic September day, and how were these attacks prevented, by the use of harsh integration techniques. The captured Al Qaeda and Taliban fighters are well trained and very loyal to the cause. Our government has tried normal integration techniques to no avail.These captured men would not talk until the use of these integration techniques was introduced. Once introduced many of these captured fighters broke and gave away plans that otherwise would have not come out. There is no other way to keep our country safe, other methods have been tried and have failed. Our government uses many techniques that may boarder on torture to gather information and to prevent another terrorist attack. In a perfect world there would be no use for many of these harsh integration techniques that are currently being employed by our government against Al Qaeda and the Taliban fighters. But unfortunately we do not live in a perfect world. Until Al Qaeda gives ups its desire to see America destroyed we need to what we can and we must continue to use these harsh integration techniques. Our government does not view the use of sleep deprivation, water boarding, and stress positions; they are far more humane than what Americans soldiers have gone through by foreign governments when captured. The only way to keep America safe is to continue to use these intergation techniques until the threat possed by Al Qaeda is gone How to cite Why Torture Is a Good Thing, Papers

A Culinary Roadtrip Essay Example For Students

A Culinary Roadtrip Essay The wind was blowing through my hair, the sun was shining creating a shadow behind me. With no clouds in the sky and birds flying high it felt like the perfect summer day. My dad had told me twice already to come and sit at the table, but being the stubborn kid that I was, I decided to ignore him. Eventually it was time for me to sit down, which wasnt a punishment to me, for the food that I was about to be served was a whole experience within itself. The road was long, narrow, and curvy. At first, I didnt really know where we were headed. Wed turn left for five kilometers and then right for three kilometers, passing through multiple small towns. When we passed through each town, there was almost always a round-about with signs telling us which way to go, but I could never read them, for they were in a different language. After thirty minutes of driving on these curvy roads, left right left right, we finally arrived at our destination. A little dizzy from the ride, I could not wait for my dad to finally turn off the engine so that I could get out of the car. Enjoying the vitamin D from the sun, my stomach was growling and I felt like mashed potatoes without the gravy, a burger without the patty and french fries without ketchup; it felt wrong. I sat down at the table, next to my dad and my sister, when the waitress came up to me and said, Voici le menu de ce soir . Not only did I not understand what she was saying, but my understanding was jeopardized by the constant bear growling in my stomach. After what seemed like five minutes had passed, but in reality had only been five seconds, my mom responded with, Elle ne parle pas franÃÆ' §ais  . After this, the waitress excused herself and repeated what she had said but this time in English, Heres the menu for tonight  , and I responded with broken French, Merci!  . I opened the menu and realized that once again everything was in French; nonetheless, I looked at the menu. Trying to look as professional as possible, I flipped through every page. Trying to pick out all the words that I could kind of read and understand, I finally asked my dad to help me choose what to eat. Our final decision came down to: foie gras as the appetizer, lamb meat with gravy and vegetables as the main course, and for dessert three different types of creme brulee. When the first dish came, my stomach was growling so hard that I had absolutely no patience to wait. The foie gras is like a pate but with multiple fatty injections. It has a smooth consistency, texture and a buttery feel to it. When it first hits your mouth there are a million different flavors jumbled up, each one hitting you twice as hard as the previous flavor. As it melts on your tongue the flavors sound like fireworks in the sky on the fourth of July, each one making a bigger and brighter explosion in the air. This happens about twelve times until the foie gras is gone and the fireworks have dimmed down. The next dish was the lamb meat with gravy and vegetables, my favorite and always satisfying dish. The gravy is like a cold drink on a hot summers day, the lamb is perfectly cooked with the slightest color of pink in the center and the vegetables are the perfect medium between crunchy and soggy. Then the dessert, the food that I have been waiting for ever since Ive sat down at the table, creme bralee. The three different types of creme bralee or, chocolate fudge, honey and original, and of course the original is my favorite. .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .postImageUrl , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:hover , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:visited , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:active { border:0!important; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:active , .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8b99e49e76c9804a0ea8ce665d087cb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Americas First Serial Killer EssayWhen handed a creme bralee the first thing one must do is see if the crust is crunchy. One does this by taking a spoon and tapping through the crust, and listening for that sweet sound like the ice cream truck coming around the corner in the middle of July. If this sound is heard, you know a good spoon of creamy and crunchy delight is about to enter your mouth. Going to the southwest of France has been a tradition in my family for as long as I can remember. We would spend most, if not all, of our vacations there, and along with the beauty of France, I got to go to this amazing restaurant on the top of a hill overlooking a valley of the Dordogne river. Every time that my family and I would go, I would look forward to that day for weeks, and my heart would start pounding so hard like the bubbles of boiled water. I will never forget all the times that Ive gone to this restaurant, for not only does it bring back memories of all the amazing food, but also all the fun, laughs and love shared with all the people at that table.

Summary Of Oedipus Rex Essays (1019 words) - Greek Mythology

Summary Of Oedipus Rex Prologue: The play opens with the citizens of Thebes gathering around the Theban palace. Oedipus the king exits the Theban palace. He inquires to a priest as to why his followers are praying and lamenting. The priest explains that they are praying to the gods to end the plague; which has struck their city. This plague had rendered crops useless, wasted all the pastures, and left woman sterile and unborn children dead. The priest begs for Oedipus help. Oedipus tells the priest that he feels the citys pain. He states the pain he endures is worse for he feels the pain of all the people of Thebes. Oedipus says that he has known of the plague for a while, and has searched the ends of his mind for an answer. He tries to ease the pain of his citizens and give them hope by telling them he has sent his brother-in-law, Creon to the oracle at Delphi. Creon appears bearing good news, the oracle knows the cause of the curse. He says that Thebes houses filth and only when this filth is banished will the plague be lifted. The filth is the murderer of the previous king, Laios. Oedipus asks Creon for the details of the kings death. Creon explains that Laios was killed as he left Thebes on a pilgrimage. He states that the only survivor said robbers killed the king. Oedipus asks why the murder was not investigated fully, and Creon explains that the Sphinx song and the problems of Thebes demanded attention first. Oedipus swears to find the killer of king Laios, not only for the citys sake but to ensure his own safety as well. Sardinha-2 Parodos : It is at this point in the play that we first meet the chorus. The chorus made up of Theban elders, expresses a sense of fear for what Oedipus might uncover. They proceed to describe the plague and the misfortunes that have fallen on the city. They also cry to the gods for their intervention. Scene I: Oedipus exits the palace and asks for the help of the citizens of Thebes in finding Laios killer. He declares that if the killer is among them he should come forward, and his sentence will be lessened. He decrees that anyone housing the truth shall be banished, and does not exclude himself from the punishment. The chorus suggests Oedipus seek the help of Teiresias, the blind prophet who can see the future. Oedipus states that he has already sent for Teiresias on the advice of Creon. When Teiresias arrives Oedipus informs him of the oracles statements and asks for his help. Teiresias says that he never should have come and asks to leave. Oedipus tells Teiresias that he will be an enemy to Thebes if he refuses to help. Once again Teiresias refuses. Oedipus is angered by the silence and lashes out at the prophet. Teiresias tells Oedipus to look within himself before placing blame on others. Oedipus declares that Teiresias is implicated in the murder of the king. Teiresias finally tells Oedipus you yourself are the pollution of this country. Teiresias says I say that you are the murderer whom you seek. These words enrage Oedipus, he calls Teiresias sightless, witless, and senseless. Oedipus charges Teiresias with fraud, and asks why a prophet could not solve the riddle of the Sphinx. Sardinha-3 Teiresias ends the scene with a riddle for Oedipus in which he states the identity of Laios murderer. The scene ends with an ode by the chorus, in which they reiterate these events of the scene. Scene II: The second scene opens with Creon speaking to the men of Thebes. He speaks unhappily of the accusations brought upon him by the king. The chorus attempts to explain the kings behavior by stating that the accusations were made in the moment of anger. Oedipus enters and upon seeing Creon continues his accusations. Creon pleads with Oedipus to believe in him. He explains that he is not after his throne. He asks Oedipus to go to the priestess at Delphi to see if he has quoted her correctly. He tells Oedipus that if he is found guilty of treason to sentence him to death. Oedipus does

Free Essays on Rent

The production I chose to critique for this paper was the Broadway show,â€Å"Rent†. â€Å"Rent† is a play about a group of young adults living their lives in New York City, and the obstacles they encounter. Basically the two main characters are Mark and Roger; they are roommates living in a not so glamorous apartment. Roger has A.I.D.S. and expresses much depression throughout the show. Mark is an ametur filmest, with high hopes for his carrer. He used to date Maureen, another main character, and their relationship toward one another is one of the many sub-plots to the show. The first chacter I chose to concentrate on is Roger, who in my opinion is the most intriguing character in the show. Like I mentioned earlier Roger has A.I.D.S., and is very depressed. Roger spends most of his time playing his guitar in his apartment; due to his illness he is unmotivated to leave his home. He knows his time left on this earth is limited, and his main objective throughout the show is to write a song that he will be remembered by. He is seen several times throughout the show, alone in the apartment, practicing and perfecting his song. His objective slightly changes when he meets another tenant of his apartment by the name of MiMi. He almost immediately falls in love with her, which gives him a new objective of trying to get her to be with him. The best scenes I can remember where Roger expressed his objective the best were the few scenes where Roger is seen working on his song. Basically Roger sits mid-stage with the spot light on him practicing his song. With his gu itar in hand and a soft sinceer voice, he almost pleeds to God to help him finish his song. As he strums on his guitar he sings a song about leaving something behind when he dies, meaning his song. This scene is very basic, nothing really special about it, yet its message is so clear and moving that the character actually comes to life on the stage. The beat of these songs, is very... Free Essays on Rent Free Essays on Rent The production I chose to critique for this paper was the Broadway show,â€Å"Rent†. â€Å"Rent† is a play about a group of young adults living their lives in New York City, and the obstacles they encounter. Basically the two main characters are Mark and Roger; they are roommates living in a not so glamorous apartment. Roger has A.I.D.S. and expresses much depression throughout the show. Mark is an ametur filmest, with high hopes for his carrer. He used to date Maureen, another main character, and their relationship toward one another is one of the many sub-plots to the show. The first chacter I chose to concentrate on is Roger, who in my opinion is the most intriguing character in the show. Like I mentioned earlier Roger has A.I.D.S., and is very depressed. Roger spends most of his time playing his guitar in his apartment; due to his illness he is unmotivated to leave his home. He knows his time left on this earth is limited, and his main objective throughout the show is to write a song that he will be remembered by. He is seen several times throughout the show, alone in the apartment, practicing and perfecting his song. His objective slightly changes when he meets another tenant of his apartment by the name of MiMi. He almost immediately falls in love with her, which gives him a new objective of trying to get her to be with him. The best scenes I can remember where Roger expressed his objective the best were the few scenes where Roger is seen working on his song. Basically Roger sits mid-stage with the spot light on him practicing his song. With his gu itar in hand and a soft sinceer voice, he almost pleeds to God to help him finish his song. As he strums on his guitar he sings a song about leaving something behind when he dies, meaning his song. This scene is very basic, nothing really special about it, yet its message is so clear and moving that the character actually comes to life on the stage. The beat of these songs, is very...

Springs Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Springs - Lab Report Example this experiment was to determine the key elements of Hooke’s law, which include, among others, the simple harmonic motions, the requirements of these harmonic motions, understanding Hooke’s law in a nutshell, attempting to verify Hooke’s law using a simple spring, to ascertain the relationship between the frequency and the period of a spring, to come up with the spring constant, and to determine the relationship between the mass, period, and force of a spring undergoing harmonic motion among others. The bottom line objective in this case is to be able to make comparisons of the measured periods of the vibration and the ideal ones as stated or calculated in the theory. Measuring the static behavior of a simple spring in this experiment was aimed at providing a basis of establishing the existing relationship between stretch and force. The spring constant, which is the force that a spring exerts on the object, in the opposite direction, when an object applies a force on the spring is what this experiment aimed at achieving. According to Hooke, the spring constant can be calculated from the expression F=- KX, where F is the force applied on the spring and X the distance this spring would move as a result of the force. In this experiment, a simple experiment involving a mass, a spring, and a meter rule were used to test this phenomenon (Knight, Brian and Stuart 13). The tables below show the results of the different measurements obtained as a result of adding different masses on a spring, while recording the various stretches that are realized. Concisely, the objective was to determine the influence of the mass on the stretch of the spring and the nature of relationship that exists between these tow variables. The above results give an impression of a near linear relationship between the mass and the stretch, but the trend changes significantly after a certain mass has been exceeded. From the theoretical point of view, the point where the relationship between

Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing - Essay Example Nevertheless, nursing has much more as a whole that what it appears to be to the ordinary citizens. I will be exploring throughout this paper my nursing philosophy, which pertains to what I believe to be the principal feature of nursing. In so doing, I will explore how I view my role, responsibilities, as well as how I plan to deliver care to patients. To begin with, my nursing philosophy and beliefs are based on the following premises: knowledge, compassion/caring, time management, respect, privacy of patients and honesty. My motive of pursuing a nursing as a career is based on the seven-value system. Nursing, unlike other careers, is pursued with the aim of helping and caring for others. I strongly believe that the success of a nurse depends hugely on the knowledge and the ability to use the knowledge in the health care setting. Polifroni and Welch (1999) argue that a good nurse must know the diseases, as well as the disease processes. This implies that a nurse must be able to appl y the knowledge and skills gained from class to the place of work to ensure effectiveness. However, it is worth noting that merely passing exams does not mean that the nursing student will be able to apply the knowledge in the healthcare setting. ... According to Dahnke and Dreher (2011), a dutiful nurse must also be able to think holistically in anticipation of the needs of his or her patients. To do this, a nurse must be able to prioritize health care concerns within the patient’s personal diagnosis and the entire patients that the nurse is taking care of. Time management is highly critical since it ensures that all the pressing needs are attended to on time. A nurse who is poor in time management and organization cannot succeed in providing quality health care expected on time given the daily responsibilities and shifts. I also strongly believe that to be a successful nurse, one needs to be compassionate and caring. These are values, which were instilled in me during my upbringing as a child by my parents and relatives. In the nursing profession, one needs to have a sense of compassion and care for patients and their families. As I earlier indicated, nursing is a calling and entails caring and providing treatments to pa tients and their family members. As a nurse, one must have a sense of compassion and be caring because patients come with different complications and needs - some emotional while others are physical. Therefore, a nurse must be prepared to handle both the physical and emotional needs of patients, according to Dahnke and Dreher (2011). In fact, most nurses fear working with patients with complicated emotional needs. However, I came to discover that these patients are easy to work with as long as a nurse has the sense of compassion and care. It became apparent that once a close relationship and trust is built between the nurse and the patients such patients become very humble and easy to work with. This indicates the importance of empathy and compassion in nursing

Marketing Research Tools Paper wk 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Research Tools Paper wk 3 - Essay Example On the other hand, research areas having ample and reliable data available require use of information extracted from secondary sources. According to nature of sources and research methodology, different tools are selected and used by researchers. All these tools have their own use, advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important for researchers to ensure that research tools are selected that are suitable for the nature of research approach i.e. primary and secondary and research methodologies i.e. quantitative and qualitative. Primary research itself consists of data collection from original resources. Primary research can employ qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and there are various tools that can be used for this research approach. Usual tools used for this research includes surveys, interviews, direct observations, experimentations, and focus groups. These tools help in collecting data that is specific to the needs of researcher. Furthermore, researcher s can levy necessary controls on the research process to maintain the integrity of data collected and using it appropriately for the purpose of research (Baker, 2012). Hence, it is possible for researchers to ensure that data collected is valid and trustworthy along with being authentic and reliable. These research tools are usually time and cost consuming however due to direct relevance to the research purpose, it is preferred for areas of research that have not been explored earlier or to corroborate with existing studies (Onkvisit & Shaw, 2008). As far as secondary research is concerned, it is use of data that is already available from existing sources. The tools available for secondary research include information available on the internet, market research conducted by government and individual market research firms, data available on firms’ websites and stock exchange, information from public and private agencies, personal records and published print sources (peer-review ed papers, books and journals) (Baker, 2012). While using secondary data, it is important to ensure that the data is appropriate for the purpose of research. Relevance of data in terms of time period is another major issue that researchers need to take care of. However, sometimes use of secondary data is beneficial as it is readily available and relatively cheap (as the original research expenses have been already incurred). While performing primary and secondary research, quantitative and qualitative research methodologies can be used depending on the nature of research. While selecting a research methodology, the purpose of research and type of information required for the research is determined which further shapes the nature of research. In quantitative research, the usual tools used for primary research are surveys, financial figures produced by the entities themselves, experiments and numerical readings produced by them, statistical modeling and examination through stratificat ion and segmentation (Onkvisit & Shaw, 2008). These tools help in acquiring first hand information which is reliable, valid and objective yet expensive to acquire. For quantitative research to be performed through secondary sources, the tools used can be numeric modeling and statistical analysis. These tools are used to perform correlational analysis of data already available through print and electronic sources. Example of it can be examination of industry performance by performing statistical examination of market

Sickle Cell Disease: Causes, Effects and Treatment

Sickle Cell Disease: Causes, Effects and Treatment Abstract Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited hematological (blood) disorder that results from a mutation in the beta globin gene that is responsible for the development of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein that delivers oxygen to the red blood cells throughout the body. In the disease, a mutated variant of normal hemoglobin generates an abnormal structure of the cells, leading to the development of symptoms. Sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia are two common types of sickle diseases that are discussed in this review. The symptoms, complications, and therapies are also highlighted in the context of the pathophysiology of the disease. Sickle Cell Disease: An Overview Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder and it is characterized by an abnormal structure or production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to cells throughout the body (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease results from a mutation in the beta globin gene causing a class of sickle diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia (Thein, 2008). Together, they are often referred to as the beta hemoglobinopathies and present a range in disease severity (Thein, 2008). Beta globin is a protein that produces hemoglobin and the gene mutation in both diseases produces abnormal variants of hemoglobin in the blood. This results in either a predominance of abnormal hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells or an absence of normal hemoglobin, and thus, normal red blood cells (Edwards et al., 2005). There are a number of available therapies that manage sickle cell disease and the only curative treatment is hema topoietic cell transplantation. Pathophysiology of Sickle Cell Disease The National Institutes of Health reports that sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States and it affects 70,000 to 80,000 Americans (National Institutes of Health, 2014). It is estimated to occur in 1 in 500 African Americans and 1 in 1,000 to 1,400 Hispanic Americans (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease affects 30 million people worldwide and it is most common among people who have ancestors from Africa, Mediterranean countries, the Arabian Peninsula, India, parts of South America, Central America and the Caribbean (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011; National Institutes of Health, 2014). As it is an inherited disease, the sickle gene is presumed to have a genetic advantage in which it protects from the development of malaria infection (Stuart Nagel, 2004). There are many types of sickle diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and beta thalassemia. Sickle cell anemia is considered the most commonly occurring type of sickle c ell disease (National Institutes of Health, 2014). In sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin S replaces both beta-globin and the sixth amino acid is changed from glutamic acid to valine (National Institutes of Health, 2014; Rees Gibson, 2011). Sickle cell trait is not considered a disease and it is found in approximately 1 in 10 African Americans (Edwards et al., 2005). When both parents have the sickle cell trait, there is a one in four chance with each pregnancy that the child will have sickle cell anemia (Edwards, et al., 2005). Today, many health organizations offer newborn screenings that can determine if a child has either the disease or trait (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The development of the disease occurs due to the polymerization of deoxygenated hemoglobin S (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). The polymer formation modifies the normal red blood cell disc shape into a rigid, irregular-shaped, unstable cell and causes intravascular hemolysis, or rupture of the cells, to release hemoglobin into the plasma of the blood (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). The repeated polymerization leads to sticky blood cells (blood cell adhesion), obstruction of blood vessels (vasocclusion), and restriction of blood supply to tissues and organs in the body (ischemia) (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). Additionally, the endothelium and leukocyte, or white blood cells, are also found to play a role in disease mechanisms. Studies have found a connection between the endothelium, a thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and sickled red blood cells (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The red blood cell receptors that are associated with cell adhesion are present in increased numbers on sickled immature red blood cells and mature sickle cells compared to normal red blood cells (Stuart Nagel, 2004). This finding demonstrates a structure-function abnormal activity that leads to coagulation on cell surfaces, leading to anemia (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Like cell adhesion, leukocytes have an impact in disease activity. White blood cells are found to be at an increased baseline in sickle cell disease, which serves as an independent risk factor for pulmonary and cardiac complications (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The size of the white blood cell, its rigidity, and adhesive characteristics are implicated in microvascular blood flow, vascular inflammation, and vasocclusion (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Clinical Symptoms of Sickle Cell Disease The clinical manifestation of sickle cell disease can lead to inflammatory responses and may result in acute chest syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and stroke (Chirico Pialoux, 2012). People with sickle cell disease may also encounter several physical complications, such as delayed growth, fatigue, headaches, and cerebral vascular damage (Edwards et al., 2005). Acute chest syndrome is considered the second most common cause of hospital admissions and a leading cause of death in patients with sickle cell disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). It involves the presence of a pulmonary infiltrate on a chest X-ray and the symptoms may include chest pain, a temperature of more than 38.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 degrees Fahrenheit), tachypnea (rapid breathing), wheezing or cough ((Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). The symptoms at clinical presentation vary with age as wheezing, cough, and fever are common in children 10 years or younger (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Pain in the arms and legs and shortness of breath are more commonly presented in adults with the disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). It is believed that there are three mechanisms involved in acute lung injuries, which include infection, fat embolization (clotting) from bone marrow, and sequestration of sickled red blood cells (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). People with sickle cell disease have an increased risk for developing infections, particularly pneumonia. Treatment for acute chest syndrome is primarily supportive and includes supplemental oxygen to keep the saturation above 92% (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Pain is considered the most frequent complication associated with the disease and acute chest syndrome stimulates this crisis (Edwards et al., 2005; Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Repeated episodes of acute chest syndrome predispose patients to chronic pulmonary disease, such as pulmonary hypertension (Stuart Nagel , 2004). The occurrence of asthma is also associated with the increased incidence of acute chest syndrome, which is considered a comorbid condition found in people with sickle cell disease (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011). Beta Thalassemia Beta thalassemia is a common genetic blood disease that reduces hemoglobin production (National Institutes of Health, 2014). The hemoglobin gene mutation results in an unusually low level of beta-globin (National Institutes of Health, 2014). There are different levels of thalassemia based on the number of copies of beta thalassemia alleles or different copies of the same gene (Thein, 2008). The variety in alleles impacts the deficit in beta globin production, which, in turn, impacts disease severity (Thein, 2008). Carriers, for example, who have inherited a single copy of the beta thalassemia allele are clinically asymptomatic and may demonstrate mild anemia (Thein, 2008). Unlike a globin imbalance that is found in sickle cell anemia, variants of beta chains are broken down and result in ineffective red blood cell production in beta thalassemia (Thein, 2008). Physical complications involve cardiac and bone disease, bilirubin metabolism, and iron metabolism. Such symptoms may include jaundice and a predisposition to gallstones (Thein, 2008). Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease Several complications may emerge from sickle cell disease, whether it is in sickle cell anemia or in beta thalassemia. The purpose of therapies for sickle cell disease is to prevent and treat complications (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The treatment of sickle cell disease is best achieved by decreasing the amount of hemoglobin S through the prevention of its production (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). People with severe sickle cell disease are treated with three validated therapies: hydroxyurea, transfusion and chelation therapy, and a hematopoietic or stem cell transplant (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Hydroxyurea has been shown to be an effective form of treatment for children and adults with the disease. It has been demonstrated to reduce pain and acute chest syndromes, and it decreases the frequency of hospitalizations and the need for transfusions. This therapy has also been found to play a role in stroke prevention (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). At a molecular level, hydroxyurea reduces the adhesion of sickle red cells to endothelial cells. It also modulates endothelial cell activation and nitric oxide generation (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Nitric oxide has been found to affect acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Nitric oxide, on a normal functioning level, induces relaxation of smooth muscle and dilation of blood vessels. In sickle cell disease, the bioavailability of nitric oxide is impaired, resulting in an imbalance between endothelial production and consumption (Stuart Nagel, 2004). The lungs are most affected by a reduction of nitric oxide and tend to constrict, which predisposes an individual to acute chest syndrome (Stuart Nagel, 2004). No adverse effects have been thus far reported on the usage of hydroxyurea and any toxicity is typically reversible (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Transfusion therapy is currently considered a standard of care treatment for primary and secondary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). It is used for short and long term management, preventing a first stroke in high-risk children as well as preventing against a recurrent stroke (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Transfusions are also used for chronic and severe pain or in cases when patients with acute chest syndrome do not respond to hydroxyurea (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Chelation therapy is used for patients who experience iron overload. Iron overload is a serious and inevitable outcome from receiving regular transfusion therapy (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Unless treated, iron overload may result in severe organ damage and other life threatening complications and this treatment mediates this by removing excess metals from the body (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). While hydroxyurea, tranfusions, and chelation therapy aim to prevent and treat complications, they do not cure sickle cell disease (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The currently available curative treatment is a stem cell transplant. A transplant is indicated in those patients who experience complications, such as recurrent severe pain, acute chest syndrome, and stroke (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Only one-third of affected children meet the criteria for a stem cell transplant as it is an aggressive and serious procedure (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). The goal of a stem cell transplant is to replace the host’s marrow with normal cells, resulting in a new immune system (Stuart Nagel, 2004). Studies on stem cell transplant as a curative option for patients with severe sickle cell disease are demonstrating mean overall survival and event-free survival rates between 95 and 85% (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). Significant advancements have been made for pediatric patients who have beta thalassemia and were treated with a stem cell transplant. Over the last three decades, disease-free survival rates have exceeded 80% in patients who received transplants from biologically compatible family donors (Mehta Faulkner, 2013). Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder that is primarily diagnosed in people who have ancestors from Africa, Mediterranean countries, the Arabian Peninsula, India, parts of South America, Central America and the Caribbean (Khoury, Musallam, Mroueh, Abboud, 2011; National Institutes of Health, 2014). The disease results by a mutation in the gene that creates beta globin, which is the protein that is responsible for producing hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen to the body’s organs and tissues. When the mutation occurs, a hemoglobin variant is produced, resulting in a structural and functional change in the red blood cells. Several physical complications emerge in both children and adults who have the disease. These may include, but not limited to, pain, acute chest syndrome, cerebral and vascular damage (Edwards et al., 2005). There are three primary therapies for managing and/or treating the disease. These inc lude the drug, hydroxyurea, transfusion and chelation therapy, and hematopoietic cell transplantation (Inati, Chabtini, Mounayar, Taher, 2009). More research is underway in the development of additional treatment options, such as gene therapy and clinical trials are exploring this possibility. References Chirico, E. N., Pialoux, V. (2012). Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life, 64 (1), 72-80. Edwards, C. L., Scales, M. T., Loughlin, C., Bennett, G. G., Harris-Peterson, S., De Castro, L. M., Whitworth, E., Abrams, M., Feliu, M., Johnson, S., Wood, M., Harrison, O., Killough, A. (2005). A brief review of the pathophysiology, associated pain, and psychosocial issues in sickle cell disease. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12 (3), 171-179. Inati, A., Chabtini, L., Mounayar, M., Taher, A. (2009). Current understanding in the management of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin, 33 (S1), S107-S115. Khoury, R. A., Musallam, K. M., Mroueh, S., Abboud, M. R. (2011). Pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin, 35 (5-6), 625-635. Mehta, P. A., Faulkner, L. B. (2013). Hematopoietic cell transplantation for thalassemia: a global perspective BMT tandem meeting 2013. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 19, S70-S73. National Institutes of Health (2014). Genetics home reference: beta thalassemia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved from http://www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/beta-thalassemia. National Institutes of Health (2014). Genetics home reference: sickle cell disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Retrieved from www.ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/sickle-cell-disease. Rees, D. C., Gibson, J. S. (2011). Biomarker in sickle cell disease. British Journal of Haematology, 156, 433-445. Stuart, M. J., Nagel, R. L. (2004). Sickle-cell disease. Lancet, 364, 1343-1360. Thein, S. L. (2008). Genetic modifiers of the ÃŽ ²-haemoglobinopathies. British Journal of Haematology, 141, 357-366.

A Knowledge Entry System for Subject Matter Experts :: essays research papers

The High Performance Knowledge Bases (HPKB) project demonstrated that the teams of knowledge engineers working together could create knowledge bases (KBs) roughly at the rate of 10K axioms/year for a pre-specified task and evaluation criteria. The HPKB effort showed that it is possible to create KBs by reusing the content of knowledge libraries, and it demonstrated reuse rates ranging from 25% to 100%, depending on the application and the knowledge engineer. It was acknowledged that the ability of a subject matter expert (SME) to directly enter knowledge is essential to improve the KB construction rates. The SRI team is developing a system for direct knowledge entry by SMEs as an integrated team of technology developers. The SRI team includes Boeing, Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at University of Southern California, Northwestern University, Pacific Sierra Research (PSR), Stanford University, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, University of Texas at Austin, and University of West Florida. Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford, Pragati Systems, and Massachusetts Insititute of Technology joined the team after the contract award. The claim of this effort is that SMEs, unassisted by AI technologists, can assemble models of mechanisms and processes from components. These models are both declarative and executable, so questions about the mechanisms and processes can be answered by conventional inference methods (for example, theorem proving and taxonomic inference) and by various task-specific methods (for example, simulation, analogical reasoning, and problem-solving methods). A related claim is that relatively few components, perhaps a few thousand, are sufficient for SMEs to assemble models of virtually any mechanism or process. We claim that these components are independent of domain, and that assembly from components instantiated to a domain is a natural way for SMEs to create KB content. The research in this project exploits and extends previous work in the HPKB project, as well as work in process description languages, qualitative physics, systems dynamics, and simulation. One scientific innovation, and the principal extension to Cyc and the "HPKB standard" of knowledge bases, is the idea of declarative and executable models (DEMs) assembled from components. The declarative aspect of DEMs supports conventional inference, whereas the executable aspect supports reasoning by simulation. For example, the declarative part of a model of aerosols is sufficient to answer questions like, "Will a 5-micron filter afford protection against this aerosol?" while the executable part is necessary to model the dispersal pattern of the aerosol.

Graduate Studies Challenges And Strategies Essay

There are many challenges that a student will face while completing graduate study. One challenge is to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. Another challenge is to have more than enough money to complete graduate study. A third challenge is to pass the thesis or dissertation defense. The other challenges will surely pale in comparison with these three uphill challenges. They will surely try to break the student’s strong resolve to finish run the graduate study race. There are many strategies that they can use to address these challenges. We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race(Palmer, 2006). BODY We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. First, the student can research the Graduate School library copies to have several clues on how the titles of the thesis or dissertation were crafted. Second, the student can research other resources to accomplish this daunting task. Third, the student can ask the tutor or professor to guide the student along this disheartening graduate study phase. Lastly, the student can give up. Further, the student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The Graduate School library’s store of passed thesis or dissertations will surely guide the student on the different chapters of the thesis or dissertation. These accomplished library references will clearly show the long and narrow path that the students must also thread in order to get the tutor’s or graduate school professor’s nod in terms of the thesis or dissertation title. All these books generally will have a common denominator that will shed the light on the most likely thesis or dissertation title that the tutor or graduate school professor will favor(Timmerman,2006). We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. First, the student can borrow money pay for the daily graduate school expenses. Second, the student can find work to pay the inescapable expenses to wiggle through the complex and overwhelming graduate study. Third, the student can seek scholarships to help defray the money needed to keep in pace with his graduate study mates. Fourth, the student can raise the flag of defeat. The student can pick one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. One student can easily find money if he or she chooses to borrow from moneyed relatives, banks, or other money lenders as compared to the other three strategies. Another student’s choice to gather enough finances by finding a job to defray his graduate school expenses could be his or her easiest option as contrasted with the other choices enumerated in the prior paragraph. The academically gifted student can apply for scholarships in order to pay for the expenses of accomplishing the academic requirements of his or her field of choice(Peterson,2005). We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. First, the student can literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Second, the student can seek the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. Third, the student could use secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. Lastly, the student can loudly proclaim I Quit. Further, one student could find that the most comfortable tradition is to literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Many graduate school students of different intelligences find this step a must. Another student would be most at home implementing the traditional way of seeking the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. The expert will lessen the student’s time needed to list the possible questions and to prepare the most academically correct answers to each questions during the much awaited graduate school defense. All the students must incorporate the traditional use of secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. This choice will undoubtedly complement the other traditions discussed(Glatthorn & Joyner,2005). CONCLUSION There are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. The student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The student can pick the one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. The students can use the best tradition that they feel most comfortable to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. Conclusively, there are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. REFERENCES: Glatthorn, A. , Joyner, R. , (2005), Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step –by -Step Guide, N. Y. , Corwin Press Palmer, W. , (2006), Dissertations on Subjects Relating to the â€Å"Orthodox† or â€Å"Eastern Catholic† Communion, Harvard, Harvard University Press Peterson, T. , (2005). Peterson’s Four Year Colleges, N. Y. , Peterson’s Publishing Timmerman, C. , (2006). The Everything Pencil Puzzles Book: Sharpen Up Your Puzzle – Solving Skills, N. Y. , Everything Books,

Practice Decision Making Essay example

Practice Decision Making Essay example Practice Decision Making Essay example 1-Mann Gulch: Miscalculation: An accurate landing zone. Failed to evaluating the risk. Teamwork issues. Briefing problems. Follow Order problem Open: Dodge was not open to his crew that cause misunderstood in many stuations. Communication problems: No maps, Disconnect Radios, Poor communicate between the leader and the firefighters. Timing Issues: Dodge showed disorganized time consuming Group Organization. No discipline Lack of knowledge: lack the concept of escape fire. Lack of Training. Lack of experience. Crew had a panic reaction Ineffective or wrong decision making under stress. No rescue plan. No escape route. Storm king mountain: Disorganization of coordination between the Blm and USFS. Bureaucracy problems. Briefing the task info problem. Multiple leadership in many team cause confusions for the firefighters, it suppose for Blanco to identify himself as the IC. Communication: each team use different frequency for their Radio. Fire behavior: including the weather, fuel, the terrain. Follow order problem: some resistance from Mackey’s jumpers on the fire line that Mackey and Blanco want to build. Lack of resource. The can-do attitude. Training required (physical and knowledge) Ability to make decision . 2- As a leader he did practice very poor leadership. He wasn’t open to his crew, never invite them to his house to build a good teamwork and never tried to k now their hidden talented. He even didn’t know the names of all the men in his crew. Dodge: lack of knowledge of many firefighter concepts and standards .His experience within the 8 years he had was not enough and for sure he need more training. He missed the 2 weeks training that summer before the tragedy. He was unable to make decision under stress or have the ability to make his crew follow his order. Didn’t take or make his crew act seriously. Dodge Mistakes: Dodge left his crew twice while they are in the theater zone and that cause confusion beside crew lack of instructions and made the crew split to 2 units. Late react when faces issues and communicating. Ha had problem with giving orders , making decisions . No escape route plan, Failed to apply back fire concept. He didn’t share the same vision with his crew and that cause the tragedy. Mackey and Blanco both demonstrate social , interpersonal skills that Dodge lack beside more physical fitness and more abilities using tools. Blanco mistake as a leader when he didn’t evaluate the risk well and depend on his judgment when didn’t thought that he will need smokejumpers and that’s why he never met mackey for briefing . He just instruct him by Radio and gave him some instructions without full details about the fuel behavior , the weather and the terrain . He never present him self as leader and that cause misunderstanding with all the ground teams. Mackeu didn’t follow the standards and the policy when he made decisions and that cause disagree by the smokejumpers. As a leader you have to use judgment but it should follow the policy and the standards. 3- The teamwork aspect was available in Mackey group, All of his group show respect to him and that because of his knowledge, skills and the good leadership features

Practice Decision Making Essay example

Practice Decision Making Essay example Practice Decision Making Essay example 1-Mann Gulch: Miscalculation: An accurate landing zone. Failed to evaluating the risk. Teamwork issues. Briefing problems. Follow Order problem Open: Dodge was not open to his crew that cause misunderstood in many stuations. Communication problems: No maps, Disconnect Radios, Poor communicate between the leader and the firefighters. Timing Issues: Dodge showed disorganized time consuming Group Organization. No discipline Lack of knowledge: lack the concept of escape fire. Lack of Training. Lack of experience. Crew had a panic reaction Ineffective or wrong decision making under stress. No rescue plan. No escape route. Storm king mountain: Disorganization of coordination between the Blm and USFS. Bureaucracy problems. Briefing the task info problem. Multiple leadership in many team cause confusions for the firefighters, it suppose for Blanco to identify himself as the IC. Communication: each team use different frequency for their Radio. Fire behavior: including the weather, fuel, the terrain. Follow order problem: some resistance from Mackey’s jumpers on the fire line that Mackey and Blanco want to build. Lack of resource. The can-do attitude. Training required (physical and knowledge) Ability to make decision . 2- As a leader he did practice very poor leadership. He wasn’t open to his crew, never invite them to his house to build a good teamwork and never tried to k now their hidden talented. He even didn’t know the names of all the men in his crew. Dodge: lack of knowledge of many firefighter concepts and standards .His experience within the 8 years he had was not enough and for sure he need more training. He missed the 2 weeks training that summer before the tragedy. He was unable to make decision under stress or have the ability to make his crew follow his order. Didn’t take or make his crew act seriously. Dodge Mistakes: Dodge left his crew twice while they are in the theater zone and that cause confusion beside crew lack of instructions and made the crew split to 2 units. Late react when faces issues and communicating. Ha had problem with giving orders , making decisions . No escape route plan, Failed to apply back fire concept. He didn’t share the same vision with his crew and that cause the tragedy. Mackey and Blanco both demonstrate social , interpersonal skills that Dodge lack beside more physical fitness and more abilities using tools. Blanco mistake as a leader when he didn’t evaluate the risk well and depend on his judgment when didn’t thought that he will need smokejumpers and that’s why he never met mackey for briefing . He just instruct him by Radio and gave him some instructions without full details about the fuel behavior , the weather and the terrain . He never present him self as leader and that cause misunderstanding with all the ground teams. Mackeu didn’t follow the standards and the policy when he made decisions and that cause disagree by the smokejumpers. As a leader you have to use judgment but it should follow the policy and the standards. 3- The teamwork aspect was available in Mackey group, All of his group show respect to him and that because of his knowledge, skills and the good leadership features

Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essays

Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essays Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essay Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essay Essay Topic: The Man Of Mode There are opportunities in the German market for Goldenrods such as demand for non-alcoholic beverages and organic wines. At the same time there are challenges in the German market such as stringent overspent regulation, high competition and slow growth of the market. The advantages and disadvantages of the three entry modes- exporting, acquisition and joint venture are investigated and a recommendation is made on the best suited entry mode for Goldenrods. The first section of the report gives a brief introduction about the company and its background. In the second section, a detailed internal and external analysis of the company is done to understand its strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats that the company is likely to face in the German wine market. In the third section, three entry modes that are best suited for Goldenrods in its entry into the German wine market is analyses and the best entry mode is suggested. The report is concluded in the final section. 2. 0 Company Profile : Goldenrods Goldenrods is the third largest producer of wine in Australia, generating 5. 0% of the markets volume. The company produces, sells and distributes wine and beer and has its market in 98 countries around the world. The company operates in Australia, Asia Pacific, U. S, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The company has its headquarters in Bill, Australia and employs around 5,900 people. Its products are supplied to around 29,000 customers including wholesalers, importers, hotels, bottle shops and restaurants. Goldenro ds revenues during the financial year 2008 was recorded to be A$ 2,900 million with a net profit of A$ 5,50 million. Strong manufacturing capabilities helps the company to achieve economies of scale, and enable it to maintain control over quality and respond quickly to changes in demand. Focus on product innovation Goldenrods has a strong focus on product innovation and believes that it is a ajar driver of business success. In response to the growing consumer trend for lifestyle alternatives (Denominator, 2008), Goldenrods launched a new range drinks with low carbohydrates, low calorie, reduces alcohol and reduced preservatives. The company also demonstrates innovation in its packaging style, packaging materials and wine bottles. A strong focus on product innovation allows Goldenrods to stay ahead of competition in the market. 3. 2 Weaknesses Inefficient operations The average inventory and receivables turnovers of Goldenrods were lower than its competitors during the five year period 2004-2008. The average inventory and average receivable turnover of the group stood at 2. 3% and 5. 5%, respectively, during 2004-2008, significantly lower than its competitors like De Portola and Misalliances Wine Pity. Ltd (Denominator, 2008). The lower inventory and receivables turnovers of endoscopes Annihilate ten lower productivity Ana operational Inclemency AT ten company. Further, due to lower inventory and receivable ratios, Goldenrods would require a higher working capital, which may limit the groups growth prospects. Goldenrods would have to thoroughly investigate how and why the productivity less ND would have to immediately eliminate or improve inefficient operations and units. If not resolved immediately, this can have a negative impact on its operations in all of the different markets around the world. Weak revenue per employee Fosters has recorded weak revenue per employee in the recent past. During 2004-2008, the groups average revenue per employee was A$313,653, significantly lower when compared to its competitors like De Portola and Misalliances Wine Pity. Ltd (Denominator, 2008). The weak revenue per employee of the group indicates its weaker productivity and operational inefficie ncy when compared to its competitors. This also have an impact on the net profits of the company and can hamper its growth if not resolves immediately. Efficient ways have to be devised in order to reduce operational wastage of money and to increase productivity. If these matters are not looked into immediately, then it can hamper the growth and the net profits from its entire markets spread around the world. 3. 3 Opportunities Increasing concern for health and wellness The average German consumer is getting old and there is an increased concern for health and wellness Nonsense, 2008). According to Remuneration market (2009) port, German alcohol consumption is declining in general as consumers are seeking to cut down alcohol intake due to health concerns. The ageing population will further worsen the situation, with older consumers typically consuming less alcohol (Remuneration, 2009). Still light grape wine, which is dominant in the market, is expected to particularly suffer, with consumers less likely to serve such wine with everyday meals (Denominator, 2008). Health and wellness is a growing sector in Germany and there is a growing trend for health and wellness products Nonsense, 2008). Though it might seem like a big wreath to Goldenrods, infant this is a great opportunity for the company. Goldenrods has already launched a range of products that are low in calorie content and alcohol content. Goldenrods would find a good market in Germany for its healthy wine segment. In addition to this, non-alcoholic beverages are becoming an important segment for wine and beverage distributors around the world (Denominator, 2008). As Goldenrods already distributes non-alcoholic beverages, it could boost its revenue growth by expanding further its portfolio of non-alcoholic beverage in the German market. Growing popularity AT Rose Ana organic well There is a growing trend towards rose wines in Germany and this is forecasted to remain popular within the German market and boost sales (Remuneration, 2009). Another product area that saw a good performance was low alcohol sparkling wine, which benefited from the health trend (Denominator, 2008). There is also a growing preference for organic wine in Germany and this is in line with the good overall development of organic products in Germany Owes, 2006). An increasing number of companies in the German wine industry have launched organic line extensions or new organic brands Owes, 2006; Remuneration,2009). There is a great opportunity for Goldenrods in the German market as it can find a good market for its already existing rose wines. Goldenrods can also diversify its rose wine by offering rose variants that suit the local German consumers taste. Goldenrods can also expand its portfolio and launch a new line of organic wines as there is a great opportunity to boost its revenue through sales in this segment. The geographic spread of Goldenrods would definitely help the company in sourcing good quality organic raw materials.

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms Essay

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms - Essay Example However, though the Philippines became subjected to another power, they still maintained some of their native belief systems. Colonization of the Philippine realm was due to its potential in commercial success with other countries. During the 18th century, the Spanish population was significantly less but soon the population started expanding. Intermarriage of the Spanish and the Philippines led to the growth of a very strong community that became the most powerful politically and economically (McCoy, 2001). A consequent growth of the Spanish community in Philippine later took over the Philippine realm. Spanish colonization of the Philippine realm did not face confrontation by indigenous states supported by aristocracies, bureaucracies, or religious organization contrast to other European colonizers elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In addition, the Spanish rule over the Philippines defined the modern state of the Philippines in matters concerning the social, religious, and ideological underpinnings. The Spanish rule over the Philippines had less impact to them economically. However, there was a considerable impact on the people politically and religiously. To have full control of the Philippine realm, the Spaniards gradually abolished hereditary nobility and dignity, limited power to Philippine chiefs, encouraged slavery and subsequently secured themselves high aristocratic positions in the state. Since Philippine had a history of economical flourish, the Spaniards took this as an opportunity to excel, expand, and uplift their country’s economic status (Lockard, 2006). They used water to transport silver, gold, and other materials of exchange to Europe where it graced the lives of the European elite. Philippine consequently turned to a regional trading area in Southeast Asia. The key reason that enabled the Spaniards to colonize Philippine was the close relationship the state had with the church. Spain being a Christian realm wanted to convert

Peer review suggestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer review suggestions - Essay Example Thus, all people require effective care and treatment. However, treatment may be hindered by various factors. One of the major factors is religion. The world has more than a dozen religions with each having different perception and approaches to health. Therefore, nurses need to understand the religious views concerning health before attending to patients. Among the main religious groups in the world are Christianity and Buddhism. Christianity is one of the oldest religions in the world with over 30% of the world’s population being Christians. Christians believe in God and His son Jesus Christ. Christianity has evolved gradually into two major groups; Catholicism and Protestants. However, the beliefs of the two groups are similar despite the differences in worship. Christian views resonate in healthcare and has a direct impact on the health care system. The Christian worldview can be better exposed through the worldview questions. Christians believe that the prime reality is that God exists and omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient. God has the companionship of the Holy Spirit and the Son, Jesus Christ. All creatures came into being from his will and power; thus, all creatures are obligated to bow and worship him at all times (Shelly & Miller, 2009). Christians believe that the omnipotence of God is enough to heal them of any illnesses. Hence, Christianity has a direct impact on the nursing practice. The holy Bible stipulates that God created the world and everything in it. He created a complex system with a variety of creatures, many of which scientist have not named yet. However, humans have the power to influence the world around with aspects such as pollution and deforestation. God separated us from the sea and put living creatures in both masses. It follows that God controls the world. The orderly nature of the world, ecosystems, and natural environment prove that they must have

Impacts of a borderless society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Impacts of a borderless society - Essay Example Both of my meals were made at home from ingredients bought at the local grocery store. Except for the ground beef and the lettuce, all the other ingredients were prepared somewhere else and assembled by me to make the meal. The following chart shows each ingredient and the place it was manufactured. None of these ingredients were manufactured outside the United States, so in one sense the food is local—it was manufactured in this country. But there is no easy way to find out where the wheat, corn, and other ingredients in the final product were produced. The list of ingredients on the Alfredo sauce jar is quite long, for instance, and all those things had to be shipped from somewhere so the manufacturer could assemble the product. In fact, the cheese was probably manufactured somewhere outside the Kentucky plant and shipped there, so its ingredient’s origins are unknown but probably shipped. DeWeerdt (2009) notes there is a distinction between shipping by truck or by rail, for instance, so it is possible that even if the ingredients started out 1,500 miles away from the manufacturer, if they were shipped by rail the impact would be less than if they were shipped by truck. While I was researching the global market for this essay, a National Geographic article (Bourne Jr., 2009) offered some very telling statistics as a framework for understanding how the food I eat fits into the larger global picture. In 2007, for instance, the globe had 61 days worth of food stockpiled (para. 2). This is not only food for humans; the animals we raise to eat also consume grain, and our cars even consume grain by using ethanol (para. 16; DeWeerdt, 2009, para. 17). If all agricultural production stopped, in two months the entire world would be out of food. Bourne also notes that â€Å"the poorest billion people on the planet†¦spend 50 to 70

The Effect of Feminist Revolution in my Life Essay Example for Free

The Effect of Feminist Revolution in my Life Essay The feminist revolution in the 1990’s may be considered as one of the turning points in world history. From most countries that have been purely patriarchal in nature, the world evolved and suddenly man is no longer the entirely dominant sex in the society. As time passed, women acquired voice, will-power, and independence. The traditional women slowly dissolved and have been replaced by stronger women, in control, and no longer man’s subordinate but his equal and oftentimes his opponent (Badinter, 2006). This part of history has affected not only the women of those times but even the ones who came after them. I am part of the batch that came after the 90’s women and as a woman, I am grateful for the change that was brought by the feminist revolution. Because of it, I am not merely a shadow of a man, nor a doll that may be manipulated. I am a woman, who has her own mind, decides for herself, and defend it as much as she wishes. If the women of the 90’s did not revolt against the existing system, which had men dominated in the important aspects of society and perhaps life as a whole, there is a probability that my ideologies today are different. This is more potent due to the fact that I live in a country where Latin culture is dominant and my parents were raised under the strict rules that the culture dictates. This is actually where the feminist revolution has affected my life. It is undeniable that Latin culture dictates that men are the heads of the family. In the days before the 1990 feminist revolution, men ruled over almost every aspect of life with the justification from both religion and the government legislation. As the revolution opened more minds, pressure on branches of the state has forced it to gradually have modifications. Some rules that were not allowed before were given chances and observed for unwanted results. Women’s rights have been expanded. The effect of this are clashing opinions of both sexes (Htun, 2003). Since I am one of the liberal minded women, the problem that serves as an effect of history in my life is that my parents and I do not quite find a commonality in viewing some aspects of certain matters. First and foremost reason, I was born later than they were. The culture I have grown into is not the culture in which they were raised. My mother is very traditional and my father is very strict on imposing the same rules the he has grown into. Although I understand that generation gap should be bridged rather than widened, this becomes very difficult for me. I am a child of modernity and I go by the rules of it. I please my parents as much as I can. Despite this, there still seems to be lacking. The problem I find is that the changes that were brought about by the feminist revolution were good for some people, but to others, it has destroyed a tradition, a trademark of the culture. For instance, the Latin world, dominated by male suddenly had women with their own voices and will power, even ability to defy. It was good for the women because it somehow freed them of some men’s oppression. However, to the patriarchs of the family, whose life he devoted to keep his lineage together and standing, this is in a way hurtful. Perhaps it may be considered as ego-eccentric thinking; however, others view it as a means of preserving what has been prevailing from the start. The patriarchal families may have oppressed some of the women, but most families owe their stature from this setting. For this, people must be considerate. It should be taken to mind that their actions are surely, also results from another part of history. As I am, my parents are also effects of a past action. As such, I try to understand them. The gap between me and my parents maybe considered as an effect of history. I am grateful for to the pioneers of female revolution – for my way of thinking, my female strength and independence. It is somehow damaging to those who believe patriarchy so strongly. However, it should be noted that this same mind that the revolution has freed can understand the grief they may be feeling from suddenly losing total control. This same mind, which the revolution has fought for, can see through their anger. The revolution was not fought for vengeance, it was started for equality. And with that, women understand better. I know. I see. The effect of history to me is not only to be man enough not be oppressed, but to remain woman enough to be sensitive. References Badinter, E. (2006). Dead End Feminism. United Kingdom: Polity. Htun, M. (2003). Sex and the State: Abortion, divorce, and the family under Latin American Dictatorships and democracies. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Developing Emergency Action Plan for Gym

Developing Emergency Action Plan for Gym Understanding emergency procedures in fitness environment An emergency response system is crucial for ensuring a safe environment for members, users, and staff, as well as being a very sound practice for managing risk. With health and fitness facilities, an emergency response system must be established to offer the highest reasonable safety level for users and staff. Emergency gym procedures are the established plans that are instigated if an emergency occurs. It may be simply a power outage, or more seriously a medical emergency, a fire or even a weather-related scenario. Gyms must have an emergency action plan (EAP) in place so that all the occupants at the time will be able to act effectively if required. What Would You Do? If a gym clients is seriously injured, or worse, dies in front of you while they have been exercising. What would you do? The question usually comes as a complete surprise to existing and new instructors. Unfortunately, the notion of folks dying or being injured while in an exercise environment is rarely addressed by the gym management, or by employees. Therefore, when it does happens, which it will one day, the gym is in chaos as basically nobody knows what procedures to follow. Gym Emergency: Typical Scenario This is what usually happens when procedures are obscure. The gym staff are not clear about what to do, panic may ensue. The front desk operator telephones 911 (or the police). The gym management may performs CPR/AED. Members are afraid to help or do not wish to be involved. While this scenario is generally what happens, it is that the instructor/trainers not knowing that is particularly disturbing when seconds and minutes are crucial and can save a life. The reasoning here is that on the whole the gym staff do not know a gym’s emergency procedures, regarding say, a heart attack. Even if they do know the procedure, how many instructors are CRP/AED certified? Why Many Gym Managements Don’t Know EAP? It is assumed that instructors who are CPR/AED certified already know what to do. They do not want to scare away new instructors. The gym has no procedures in place for emergencies (other than â€Å"call 911†³). It has not occurred to the manager/owner that clients may experience heart attacks there. Chain of Command Every gym should have a chain of responsibility which is deployed during an emergency. Emergencies can happen at any moment. There will be occasions when the person in overall charge will not be in the premises. That is why a chain of responsibility is essential, as the next person becomes in charge of the emergency. Activation of EAP The individual in charge at the time should make the call to activate an EAP. If a medical emergency has occurred, then those who are trained in CPR and emergency aid must remain with the patient. The person in charge at the time will coordinate the staff and gym personnel as to what they must do while the plan is in activation. Location of Equipment All gyms should have emergency equipment to hand. This must include a first aid kit, a telephone, fire extinguisher/s and sometimes an automated external defibrillator (AED). Every person that works in the gym must know where this equipment is available. Posting of Emergency Procedure Gyms should have an EAP poster in a visible position in order that all the information is easily available in case of an emergency. This should list the chain of command, the location of emergency equipment, and other relevant information. People do not really think clearly in an emergency, and having an EAP poster with all relevant information can save a lives when time matters most. Managing the Risks The management of risk refers to those practices and systems that gyms should establish to limit their exposure to any potential liability or financial loss. In the health club and fitness industry, risk management refers to the practices, systems and procedures by which a gym can reduce the risk of an employee or a client coming to harm (injury or death). Risk management involves practices that are preventive (such as pre-activity screening and correctly maintaining equipment) to practices that can be considered a reaction to unexpected events (such as emergency response systems). It must be acknowledged that the various types of health and fitness facilities do markedly vary, from the unsupervised to medically supervised clinical exercise centers. Gyms and exercise facilities often serve varied aims and clients, they do or don’t have organized programs, and also may or may not employ staff that are qualified. Management should use the local medical personnel or healthcare professionals to help develop an emergency response program. Local emergency medical services (EMS) can help a facility to develop a response program. Gyms and facilities can also engage the services of a physician, a registered nurse, or a certified emergency medical technician to assist in the development of their response program. An emergency response system should consider any emergency situations that may occur. Among these are medical emergencies that can be foreseen in regard to moderate or more intense workouts, such as hypoglycemia, a heart attack, a stroke, cardiac arrest or heat illness, and injuries that are in nature orthopedic. The response system should also consider other potential emergencies not specifically caused by physical activity, such a chemical accident, fire, and a range of weather and natural disaster events. An emergency response plan should consider explicit steps and instructions on how the emergency situation must be dealt with and including the roles that 1st , 2nd , and 3rd responders to an emergency will play. Additionally, an emergency response plan must indicate clearly the locations of emergency equipment (e.g., telephone for 911 and contact info for EMS, locations of the emergency exits, and the access points for EMS personnel), and also the steps needed to contact local EMS. It is preferable to physically rehearse the emergency response system at least twice per year. Medical Emergencies at the Gym Exercise brings so many health benefits, and moreover is beneficial to people with many medical conditions that include heart disease and Myocardial infarction (heart attack). The risk of a sudden medical emergency is ever present, and medical emergencies may occur before, during and after exercise. For vulnerable people, exercise may precipitate an emergency at the gym which can emanate from many different medical conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure, heart disease, and also a poor physical condition, or obesity and so on. For example, if an individual experiences pressure of the chest during or after an exercise session, they must call an ambulance to ride to the hospital irrespective of whether the person is on medication for blood pressure or has had three prior heart attacks, if they are 22 years of age, or seemingly fit and healthy. What to do in an Emergency Let us assume that you are an instructor in a gym which has no clearly visible emergency procedure, or none that you are of. Perhaps one day you will hear a PA system announcement asking: â€Å"Is there a doctor or nurse in the building?† that is usually a sign that something quite bad has happened. You might or might not hear those words over the PA. All clubs are different. If you feel that an emergency is occurring, whatever you may be doing, should be dropped and then head to the emergency location to assess the situation. Do not assume that someone else will do it. If you are instructing at the time, make excuses and go yourself. After arriving, these basic steps should be followed. If a person collapses, then immediately inform emergency medical services and also care for the person according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association CPR or similar authority. If there is an automated external defibrillator (AED) available, then utilise it. Every instructor or trainer and gym management personnel are encouraged to at attend a basic CPR course. CPR techniques are easy to learn and they carry a very low risk of transmission of any disease to a provider if hands-only CPR is used or one of other modern protocols that de-emphasize giving rescue breaths mouth-to-mouth. The training will help to prepare one to deal with a clear medical emergency such as collapse and in particular, the loss of pulse. Many medical emergencies begin with much less clear signs or symptoms. Chest pain is perhaps the most prevalent symptom of a cardiac emergency, although people often describe what they are feeling as tightness or pressure. Discomfort or sensations in the jaw or neck, the arms, the upper abdomen or back, may also be linked to a cardiac event. Even without any chest discomfort, a shortness of breath, may well be a heart attack symptom or other medical emergency. This is a common feeling at a gym even for healthy individuals during or immediately following exercise. The thing to watch for is whether the shortness of breath seems dis-proportionate to the situation or if it is lasting longer than normal. Unfortunately, several other possible causes may be associated with a cardiac event such as, lightheadedness, nausea and sweating amongst them. Again, the rule of thumb is to look for what may seem out of the ordinary under the circumstances. Strokes are also a medical emergency which requires immediate response. While strokes are less usually thought of as being associated with exercising, the symptoms and signs of a stroke include: a sudden headache, difficulty with finding words language comprehension confusion speech is slurred un – coordinated movement and numbness a tingling or a weakness particularly on one side of the body or face. What actually constitutes a real medical emergency is often a challenging judgment call, and if one is in doubt then it’s better to send the person immediately to an emergency department and let the professionals assess. Occasionally, people might prefer to visit an urgent care or their doctor’s office, but those facilities will usually not have the necessary resources to assess or manage a real emergency and so should be consulted for routine health care and what are clearly minor issues. Some may wish to avoid the expense or drama of calling an ambulance. Bear in mind that if a person is really having a heart attack or a stroke, the minutes count, and the time elapsing from the start of the event to treatment will determine the extent of damage to heart muscle or to the brain – elapsing time can dramatically alter outcomes. If CPR is Necessary Keep calm Perform CPR /use the AED (if you are CPR/AED certified) Have a staff member call 911 and also contact the gym manager/owner, regarding the incident Perform CPR ( or AED) until the paramedics arrive Instruct a staff member to get the member’s club file to give to the paramedics on their arrival (this file should contain contact info, the medications of the person and such like, important info for paramedics). Assign a member of staff to wait outside the premises, to escort the paramedics inside and to the emergency location on their arrival. File an incident report Common Gym Related Emergencies Occasionally an athlete may experience a potentially life changing injury, such as to the head or a severe neck injury, eye injuries, or similar. However the majority of sports-related injuries will be bone and soft tissue injuries like strains, sprains, dislocations and knee injuries. Most of these injuries will absolutely require treatment, but it may not be necessary to call for an emergency response. On the whole, apart from the very serious health emergencies which may never even happen in your presence, most injuries that are gym and exercise related are avoidable. Remember the golden rules to follow, and hopefully almost all injuries will not occur on your watch. Warm –up Stretching (both pre- and post-exercise ) Hydration Nutrition Rest Bear in mind that a body operates like a machine, yet it requires diligent maintenance such as correct nutrition, stretching and rest. Too much of a good thing, or overworking the body is always inadvisable and regularly leads to negative results. Remember to know your own limits and also those of the clients, meaning listen to your body and hopefully the incidence of injury will be greatly diminished.