A Knowledge Entry System for Subject Matter Experts :: essays research papers

The High Performance Knowledge Bases (HPKB) project demonstrated that the teams of knowledge engineers working together could create knowledge bases (KBs) roughly at the rate of 10K axioms/year for a pre-specified task and evaluation criteria. The HPKB effort showed that it is possible to create KBs by reusing the content of knowledge libraries, and it demonstrated reuse rates ranging from 25% to 100%, depending on the application and the knowledge engineer. It was acknowledged that the ability of a subject matter expert (SME) to directly enter knowledge is essential to improve the KB construction rates. The SRI team is developing a system for direct knowledge entry by SMEs as an integrated team of technology developers. The SRI team includes Boeing, Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at University of Southern California, Northwestern University, Pacific Sierra Research (PSR), Stanford University, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, University of Texas at Austin, and University of West Florida. Knowledge Systems Laboratory at Stanford, Pragati Systems, and Massachusetts Insititute of Technology joined the team after the contract award. The claim of this effort is that SMEs, unassisted by AI technologists, can assemble models of mechanisms and processes from components. These models are both declarative and executable, so questions about the mechanisms and processes can be answered by conventional inference methods (for example, theorem proving and taxonomic inference) and by various task-specific methods (for example, simulation, analogical reasoning, and problem-solving methods). A related claim is that relatively few components, perhaps a few thousand, are sufficient for SMEs to assemble models of virtually any mechanism or process. We claim that these components are independent of domain, and that assembly from components instantiated to a domain is a natural way for SMEs to create KB content. The research in this project exploits and extends previous work in the HPKB project, as well as work in process description languages, qualitative physics, systems dynamics, and simulation. One scientific innovation, and the principal extension to Cyc and the "HPKB standard" of knowledge bases, is the idea of declarative and executable models (DEMs) assembled from components. The declarative aspect of DEMs supports conventional inference, whereas the executable aspect supports reasoning by simulation. For example, the declarative part of a model of aerosols is sufficient to answer questions like, "Will a 5-micron filter afford protection against this aerosol?" while the executable part is necessary to model the dispersal pattern of the aerosol.

Graduate Studies Challenges And Strategies Essay

There are many challenges that a student will face while completing graduate study. One challenge is to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. Another challenge is to have more than enough money to complete graduate study. A third challenge is to pass the thesis or dissertation defense. The other challenges will surely pale in comparison with these three uphill challenges. They will surely try to break the student’s strong resolve to finish run the graduate study race. There are many strategies that they can use to address these challenges. We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race(Palmer, 2006). BODY We can easily list very effective ways the students can use to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. First, the student can research the Graduate School library copies to have several clues on how the titles of the thesis or dissertation were crafted. Second, the student can research other resources to accomplish this daunting task. Third, the student can ask the tutor or professor to guide the student along this disheartening graduate study phase. Lastly, the student can give up. Further, the student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The Graduate School library’s store of passed thesis or dissertations will surely guide the student on the different chapters of the thesis or dissertation. These accomplished library references will clearly show the long and narrow path that the students must also thread in order to get the tutor’s or graduate school professor’s nod in terms of the thesis or dissertation title. All these books generally will have a common denominator that will shed the light on the most likely thesis or dissertation title that the tutor or graduate school professor will favor(Timmerman,2006). We can easily enumerate very worthy ways the students can use to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. First, the student can borrow money pay for the daily graduate school expenses. Second, the student can find work to pay the inescapable expenses to wiggle through the complex and overwhelming graduate study. Third, the student can seek scholarships to help defray the money needed to keep in pace with his graduate study mates. Fourth, the student can raise the flag of defeat. The student can pick one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. One student can easily find money if he or she chooses to borrow from moneyed relatives, banks, or other money lenders as compared to the other three strategies. Another student’s choice to gather enough finances by finding a job to defray his graduate school expenses could be his or her easiest option as contrasted with the other choices enumerated in the prior paragraph. The academically gifted student can apply for scholarships in order to pay for the expenses of accomplishing the academic requirements of his or her field of choice(Peterson,2005). We can easily jot down very efficient traditions the students can use to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. First, the student can literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Second, the student can seek the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. Third, the student could use secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. Lastly, the student can loudly proclaim I Quit. Further, one student could find that the most comfortable tradition is to literally ask the aid of his or her tutor or graduate school mentor. Many graduate school students of different intelligences find this step a must. Another student would be most at home implementing the traditional way of seeking the help of someone who is an expert in the complex science of thesis or dissertation defense. The expert will lessen the student’s time needed to list the possible questions and to prepare the most academically correct answers to each questions during the much awaited graduate school defense. All the students must incorporate the traditional use of secondary resources to successful answer the defense panels’ barrage of questions with flying colors. This choice will undoubtedly complement the other traditions discussed(Glatthorn & Joyner,2005). CONCLUSION There are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. The student must use all the ways listed above to complete his graduate study mission to address the challenge to choose the title of the thesis or dissertation. The student can pick the one of the four worthy ways to address the challenge to have more than enough money to complete the financially draining graduate study. The students can use the best tradition that they feel most comfortable to address the challenge to cross the finish line in the thesis or dissertation defense race. Conclusively, there are many strategies that the students can use to address the many challenges that they will face while completing graduate study to avoid giving up their academic dream. REFERENCES: Glatthorn, A. , Joyner, R. , (2005), Writing the Winning Thesis or Dissertation: A Step –by -Step Guide, N. Y. , Corwin Press Palmer, W. , (2006), Dissertations on Subjects Relating to the â€Å"Orthodox† or â€Å"Eastern Catholic† Communion, Harvard, Harvard University Press Peterson, T. , (2005). Peterson’s Four Year Colleges, N. Y. , Peterson’s Publishing Timmerman, C. , (2006). The Everything Pencil Puzzles Book: Sharpen Up Your Puzzle – Solving Skills, N. Y. , Everything Books,

Practice Decision Making Essay example

Practice Decision Making Essay example Practice Decision Making Essay example 1-Mann Gulch: Miscalculation: An accurate landing zone. Failed to evaluating the risk. Teamwork issues. Briefing problems. Follow Order problem Open: Dodge was not open to his crew that cause misunderstood in many stuations. Communication problems: No maps, Disconnect Radios, Poor communicate between the leader and the firefighters. Timing Issues: Dodge showed disorganized time consuming Group Organization. No discipline Lack of knowledge: lack the concept of escape fire. Lack of Training. Lack of experience. Crew had a panic reaction Ineffective or wrong decision making under stress. No rescue plan. No escape route. Storm king mountain: Disorganization of coordination between the Blm and USFS. Bureaucracy problems. Briefing the task info problem. Multiple leadership in many team cause confusions for the firefighters, it suppose for Blanco to identify himself as the IC. Communication: each team use different frequency for their Radio. Fire behavior: including the weather, fuel, the terrain. Follow order problem: some resistance from Mackey’s jumpers on the fire line that Mackey and Blanco want to build. Lack of resource. The can-do attitude. Training required (physical and knowledge) Ability to make decision . 2- As a leader he did practice very poor leadership. He wasn’t open to his crew, never invite them to his house to build a good teamwork and never tried to k now their hidden talented. He even didn’t know the names of all the men in his crew. Dodge: lack of knowledge of many firefighter concepts and standards .His experience within the 8 years he had was not enough and for sure he need more training. He missed the 2 weeks training that summer before the tragedy. He was unable to make decision under stress or have the ability to make his crew follow his order. Didn’t take or make his crew act seriously. Dodge Mistakes: Dodge left his crew twice while they are in the theater zone and that cause confusion beside crew lack of instructions and made the crew split to 2 units. Late react when faces issues and communicating. Ha had problem with giving orders , making decisions . No escape route plan, Failed to apply back fire concept. He didn’t share the same vision with his crew and that cause the tragedy. Mackey and Blanco both demonstrate social , interpersonal skills that Dodge lack beside more physical fitness and more abilities using tools. Blanco mistake as a leader when he didn’t evaluate the risk well and depend on his judgment when didn’t thought that he will need smokejumpers and that’s why he never met mackey for briefing . He just instruct him by Radio and gave him some instructions without full details about the fuel behavior , the weather and the terrain . He never present him self as leader and that cause misunderstanding with all the ground teams. Mackeu didn’t follow the standards and the policy when he made decisions and that cause disagree by the smokejumpers. As a leader you have to use judgment but it should follow the policy and the standards. 3- The teamwork aspect was available in Mackey group, All of his group show respect to him and that because of his knowledge, skills and the good leadership features

Practice Decision Making Essay example

Practice Decision Making Essay example Practice Decision Making Essay example 1-Mann Gulch: Miscalculation: An accurate landing zone. Failed to evaluating the risk. Teamwork issues. Briefing problems. Follow Order problem Open: Dodge was not open to his crew that cause misunderstood in many stuations. Communication problems: No maps, Disconnect Radios, Poor communicate between the leader and the firefighters. Timing Issues: Dodge showed disorganized time consuming Group Organization. No discipline Lack of knowledge: lack the concept of escape fire. Lack of Training. Lack of experience. Crew had a panic reaction Ineffective or wrong decision making under stress. No rescue plan. No escape route. Storm king mountain: Disorganization of coordination between the Blm and USFS. Bureaucracy problems. Briefing the task info problem. Multiple leadership in many team cause confusions for the firefighters, it suppose for Blanco to identify himself as the IC. Communication: each team use different frequency for their Radio. Fire behavior: including the weather, fuel, the terrain. Follow order problem: some resistance from Mackey’s jumpers on the fire line that Mackey and Blanco want to build. Lack of resource. The can-do attitude. Training required (physical and knowledge) Ability to make decision . 2- As a leader he did practice very poor leadership. He wasn’t open to his crew, never invite them to his house to build a good teamwork and never tried to k now their hidden talented. He even didn’t know the names of all the men in his crew. Dodge: lack of knowledge of many firefighter concepts and standards .His experience within the 8 years he had was not enough and for sure he need more training. He missed the 2 weeks training that summer before the tragedy. He was unable to make decision under stress or have the ability to make his crew follow his order. Didn’t take or make his crew act seriously. Dodge Mistakes: Dodge left his crew twice while they are in the theater zone and that cause confusion beside crew lack of instructions and made the crew split to 2 units. Late react when faces issues and communicating. Ha had problem with giving orders , making decisions . No escape route plan, Failed to apply back fire concept. He didn’t share the same vision with his crew and that cause the tragedy. Mackey and Blanco both demonstrate social , interpersonal skills that Dodge lack beside more physical fitness and more abilities using tools. Blanco mistake as a leader when he didn’t evaluate the risk well and depend on his judgment when didn’t thought that he will need smokejumpers and that’s why he never met mackey for briefing . He just instruct him by Radio and gave him some instructions without full details about the fuel behavior , the weather and the terrain . He never present him self as leader and that cause misunderstanding with all the ground teams. Mackeu didn’t follow the standards and the policy when he made decisions and that cause disagree by the smokejumpers. As a leader you have to use judgment but it should follow the policy and the standards. 3- The teamwork aspect was available in Mackey group, All of his group show respect to him and that because of his knowledge, skills and the good leadership features

Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essays

Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essays Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essay Best Entry Mode Into the German Wine Market Essay Essay Topic: The Man Of Mode There are opportunities in the German market for Goldenrods such as demand for non-alcoholic beverages and organic wines. At the same time there are challenges in the German market such as stringent overspent regulation, high competition and slow growth of the market. The advantages and disadvantages of the three entry modes- exporting, acquisition and joint venture are investigated and a recommendation is made on the best suited entry mode for Goldenrods. The first section of the report gives a brief introduction about the company and its background. In the second section, a detailed internal and external analysis of the company is done to understand its strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats that the company is likely to face in the German wine market. In the third section, three entry modes that are best suited for Goldenrods in its entry into the German wine market is analyses and the best entry mode is suggested. The report is concluded in the final section. 2. 0 Company Profile : Goldenrods Goldenrods is the third largest producer of wine in Australia, generating 5. 0% of the markets volume. The company produces, sells and distributes wine and beer and has its market in 98 countries around the world. The company operates in Australia, Asia Pacific, U. S, Europe, the Middle East and Africa. The company has its headquarters in Bill, Australia and employs around 5,900 people. Its products are supplied to around 29,000 customers including wholesalers, importers, hotels, bottle shops and restaurants. Goldenro ds revenues during the financial year 2008 was recorded to be A$ 2,900 million with a net profit of A$ 5,50 million. Strong manufacturing capabilities helps the company to achieve economies of scale, and enable it to maintain control over quality and respond quickly to changes in demand. Focus on product innovation Goldenrods has a strong focus on product innovation and believes that it is a ajar driver of business success. In response to the growing consumer trend for lifestyle alternatives (Denominator, 2008), Goldenrods launched a new range drinks with low carbohydrates, low calorie, reduces alcohol and reduced preservatives. The company also demonstrates innovation in its packaging style, packaging materials and wine bottles. A strong focus on product innovation allows Goldenrods to stay ahead of competition in the market. 3. 2 Weaknesses Inefficient operations The average inventory and receivables turnovers of Goldenrods were lower than its competitors during the five year period 2004-2008. The average inventory and average receivable turnover of the group stood at 2. 3% and 5. 5%, respectively, during 2004-2008, significantly lower than its competitors like De Portola and Misalliances Wine Pity. Ltd (Denominator, 2008). The lower inventory and receivables turnovers of endoscopes Annihilate ten lower productivity Ana operational Inclemency AT ten company. Further, due to lower inventory and receivable ratios, Goldenrods would require a higher working capital, which may limit the groups growth prospects. Goldenrods would have to thoroughly investigate how and why the productivity less ND would have to immediately eliminate or improve inefficient operations and units. If not resolved immediately, this can have a negative impact on its operations in all of the different markets around the world. Weak revenue per employee Fosters has recorded weak revenue per employee in the recent past. During 2004-2008, the groups average revenue per employee was A$313,653, significantly lower when compared to its competitors like De Portola and Misalliances Wine Pity. Ltd (Denominator, 2008). The weak revenue per employee of the group indicates its weaker productivity and operational inefficie ncy when compared to its competitors. This also have an impact on the net profits of the company and can hamper its growth if not resolves immediately. Efficient ways have to be devised in order to reduce operational wastage of money and to increase productivity. If these matters are not looked into immediately, then it can hamper the growth and the net profits from its entire markets spread around the world. 3. 3 Opportunities Increasing concern for health and wellness The average German consumer is getting old and there is an increased concern for health and wellness Nonsense, 2008). According to Remuneration market (2009) port, German alcohol consumption is declining in general as consumers are seeking to cut down alcohol intake due to health concerns. The ageing population will further worsen the situation, with older consumers typically consuming less alcohol (Remuneration, 2009). Still light grape wine, which is dominant in the market, is expected to particularly suffer, with consumers less likely to serve such wine with everyday meals (Denominator, 2008). Health and wellness is a growing sector in Germany and there is a growing trend for health and wellness products Nonsense, 2008). Though it might seem like a big wreath to Goldenrods, infant this is a great opportunity for the company. Goldenrods has already launched a range of products that are low in calorie content and alcohol content. Goldenrods would find a good market in Germany for its healthy wine segment. In addition to this, non-alcoholic beverages are becoming an important segment for wine and beverage distributors around the world (Denominator, 2008). As Goldenrods already distributes non-alcoholic beverages, it could boost its revenue growth by expanding further its portfolio of non-alcoholic beverage in the German market. Growing popularity AT Rose Ana organic well There is a growing trend towards rose wines in Germany and this is forecasted to remain popular within the German market and boost sales (Remuneration, 2009). Another product area that saw a good performance was low alcohol sparkling wine, which benefited from the health trend (Denominator, 2008). There is also a growing preference for organic wine in Germany and this is in line with the good overall development of organic products in Germany Owes, 2006). An increasing number of companies in the German wine industry have launched organic line extensions or new organic brands Owes, 2006; Remuneration,2009). There is a great opportunity for Goldenrods in the German market as it can find a good market for its already existing rose wines. Goldenrods can also diversify its rose wine by offering rose variants that suit the local German consumers taste. Goldenrods can also expand its portfolio and launch a new line of organic wines as there is a great opportunity to boost its revenue through sales in this segment. The geographic spread of Goldenrods would definitely help the company in sourcing good quality organic raw materials.

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms Essay

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms - Essay Example However, though the Philippines became subjected to another power, they still maintained some of their native belief systems. Colonization of the Philippine realm was due to its potential in commercial success with other countries. During the 18th century, the Spanish population was significantly less but soon the population started expanding. Intermarriage of the Spanish and the Philippines led to the growth of a very strong community that became the most powerful politically and economically (McCoy, 2001). A consequent growth of the Spanish community in Philippine later took over the Philippine realm. Spanish colonization of the Philippine realm did not face confrontation by indigenous states supported by aristocracies, bureaucracies, or religious organization contrast to other European colonizers elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In addition, the Spanish rule over the Philippines defined the modern state of the Philippines in matters concerning the social, religious, and ideological underpinnings. The Spanish rule over the Philippines had less impact to them economically. However, there was a considerable impact on the people politically and religiously. To have full control of the Philippine realm, the Spaniards gradually abolished hereditary nobility and dignity, limited power to Philippine chiefs, encouraged slavery and subsequently secured themselves high aristocratic positions in the state. Since Philippine had a history of economical flourish, the Spaniards took this as an opportunity to excel, expand, and uplift their country’s economic status (Lockard, 2006). They used water to transport silver, gold, and other materials of exchange to Europe where it graced the lives of the European elite. Philippine consequently turned to a regional trading area in Southeast Asia. The key reason that enabled the Spaniards to colonize Philippine was the close relationship the state had with the church. Spain being a Christian realm wanted to convert

Peer review suggestions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Peer review suggestions - Essay Example Thus, all people require effective care and treatment. However, treatment may be hindered by various factors. One of the major factors is religion. The world has more than a dozen religions with each having different perception and approaches to health. Therefore, nurses need to understand the religious views concerning health before attending to patients. Among the main religious groups in the world are Christianity and Buddhism. Christianity is one of the oldest religions in the world with over 30% of the world’s population being Christians. Christians believe in God and His son Jesus Christ. Christianity has evolved gradually into two major groups; Catholicism and Protestants. However, the beliefs of the two groups are similar despite the differences in worship. Christian views resonate in healthcare and has a direct impact on the health care system. The Christian worldview can be better exposed through the worldview questions. Christians believe that the prime reality is that God exists and omnipresent, omnipotent and omniscient. God has the companionship of the Holy Spirit and the Son, Jesus Christ. All creatures came into being from his will and power; thus, all creatures are obligated to bow and worship him at all times (Shelly & Miller, 2009). Christians believe that the omnipotence of God is enough to heal them of any illnesses. Hence, Christianity has a direct impact on the nursing practice. The holy Bible stipulates that God created the world and everything in it. He created a complex system with a variety of creatures, many of which scientist have not named yet. However, humans have the power to influence the world around with aspects such as pollution and deforestation. God separated us from the sea and put living creatures in both masses. It follows that God controls the world. The orderly nature of the world, ecosystems, and natural environment prove that they must have